eviafoxhouse - Blogs - Tripatini2024-03-28T21:27:51Zhttps://tripatini.com/profiles/blogs/feed/tag/eviafoxhouseEuboea (Evia) the second-largest Greek islandhttps://tripatini.com/profiles/blogs/euboea-evia-the-second-largest-greek-island2017-02-03T19:48:15.000Z2017-02-03T19:48:15.000ZEviafoxhousehttps://tripatini.com/members/Eviafoxhouse<div><p><b>Euboea</b> or <b>Evia</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euboea#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> (<span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups"><a title="Help:IPA for English" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English">/<span title="/juː/ long 'u' in 'cute'">juː</span><span title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/iː/ long 'e' in 'seed'">iː</span><span title="/ə/ 'a' in 'about'">ə</span>/</a></span></span>; <a title="Modern Greek" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Greek">Modern Greek</a>: Εύβοια, <i>Evvoia</i>; <a title="Ancient Greek" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc" xml:lang="grc">Εὔβοια</span>, <i>Eúboia</i>) is the second-largest <a title="List of islands of Greece" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Greece">Greek island</a> in area and population, after <a title="Crete" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crete">Crete</a>. The narrow <a title="Euripus Strait" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euripus_Strait">Euripus Strait</a> separates it from <a title="Boeotia" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeotia">Boeotia</a> in mainland <a title="Greece" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece">Greece</a>. In general outline it is a long and narrow, seahorse-shaped island; it is about 180 kilometres (110 mi) long, and varies in breadth from 50 kilometres (31 mi) to 6 kilometres (3.7 mi). Its geographic orientation is from northwest to southeast, and it is traversed throughout its length by a mountain range, which forms part of the chain that bounds <a title="Thessaly" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessaly">Thessaly</a> on the east, and is continued south of Euboea in the lofty islands of <a title="Andros" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andros">Andros</a>, <a title="Tinos" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinos">Tinos</a> and <a title="Mykonos" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mykonos">Mykonos</a>.</p><p>It forms most of the <a title="Euboea (regional unit)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euboea_(regional_unit)">regional unit of Euboea</a>, which also includes <a title="Skyros" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyros">Skyros</a> and a small area of the Greek mainland.</p><p>Glittering cities and humble villages. Medieval castles and byzantine fortresses. Charming villages and historical churches.Verdant canyons and barren mountains. Forest trails and endless beaches. Thermal springs and fossilized bones. Fertile valleys and magnificent waterfalls. The oblong island of Euboea is only an echo of the prehistoric continental land blessed with beautiful sceneries that invite you to discover them, in spring, in summer, in autumn or even in winter. An entire world of contrasting sceneries is ready to captivate you!</p><p>The northern side of Euboea is considered as one of the most beautiful regions of the island that combines verdant mountainous landscapes with panoramic views of the endless blue. Picturesque villages and archaeological monuments of great civilizations are scattered through the mountain landscapes with dense pine forests and olive groves. Hike to the outstanding trails to discover the pristine nature of the northern part of the island with landscapes of immense natural beauty. Between the Aegean Sea and the Euboean Gulf lies the central side of the island rich in diversity of marvellous sceneries.</p><p>The heart of Euboea is encompassed from the beautiful capital of Halkida, the remarkable archaeological monuments of Eretria, the balcony of the Aegean known as Kymi that will take your breath away! Astonishing mountainous and seaside villages are blessed with diversified landscapes. Nonetheless, one should not forget the wild landscapes of the southern side of Euboea! This side of the island is blessed with beautiful gorges and dense vegetation, beautiful sandy beaches, the picturesque Aegean Archipelago, the legendary' Cavo Doro and the unique Drakospita! Spectacular gorges are waiting for you to discover the magnificent scenery' of dramatic landscapes with pristine rivers under the spring concerts of the birds and endless seashores endowed from all the shades of blue.</p><p>Charming villages with red tiled roofs climbing in the slopes of the mountains and wooden bridges passing over rivers, wild mountains with chestnut forests and beautiful waterfalls, an abundant number of natural sceneries, and as the island said itself, an entire world of contrasting sceneries is ready to be discovered!</p><p></p><h2> </h2><h2><span id="Geography" class="mw-headline">Geography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a title="Edit section: Geography" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Euboea&action=edit&section=2">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2><div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner"><p><a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Euboea_topo.png"><img class="thumbimage" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Euboea_topo.png/240px-Euboea_topo.png" alt="" width="240" height="179" /></a></p><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"> </div><p>Topography of Euboea and parts of the Greek mainland.</p></div></div></div><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><p><a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20070501_Xiliadou_02.JPG"><img class="thumbimage" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/20070501_Xiliadou_02.JPG/220px-20070501_Xiliadou_02.JPG" alt="" width="220" height="165" /></a></p><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"> </div><p>Chiliadou beach.</p></div></div></div><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><p><a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20090510_Kanthli_mountain_Evia_Greece_3.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/20090510_Kanthli_mountain_Evia_Greece_3.jpg/220px-20090510_Kanthli_mountain_Evia_Greece_3.jpg" alt="" width="220" height="146" /></a></p><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"> </div><p>View from <a title="Kantili" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantili">Kandili mountain</a>.</p></div></div></div><p>Euboea was believed to have originally formed part of the mainland, and to have been separated from it by an <a title="Earthquake" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake">earthquake</a>. This is fairly probable, because it lies in the neighbourhood of a <a title="Plate tectonics" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics">fault line</a>, and both <a title="Thucydides" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thucydides">Thucydides</a> and <a title="Strabo" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strabo">Strabo</a> write that the northern part of the island had been shaken at different periods. In the neighbourhood of <a title="Chalcis" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcis">Chalcis</a>, both to the north and the south, the bays are so confined as to make plausible the story of <a title="Agamemnon" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a>'s fleet having been detained there by contrary winds. At Chalcis itself, where the strait is narrowest at only 40 m, it is called the <a title="Euripus Strait" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euripus_Strait">Euripus Strait</a>. The extraordinary changes of tide that take place in this passage have been a subject of note since classical times. At one moment the current runs like a river in one direction, and shortly afterwards with equal velocity in the other. A bridge was first constructed here in the twenty-first year of the <a title="Peloponnesian War" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peloponnesian_War">Peloponnesian War</a> (410 BC).</p><p>Geography and nature divide the island itself into three distinct parts: the fertile and forested north, the mountainous centre, with agriculture limited to the coastal valleys, and the barren south.<sup id="cite_ref-ODB_3-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euboea#cite_note-ODB-3">[3]</a></sup></p><p>The main mountains include <a title="Dirfi" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirfi">Dirfi</a> (1,743 m (5,719 ft)), Pyxaria (1,341 m (4,400 ft)) in the northeast and <a class="mw-redirect" title="Ochi Mountains" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochi_Mountains">Ochi</a> (1,394 m (4,573 ft)). The neighboring gulfs are the <a title="Pagasetic Gulf" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagasetic_Gulf">Pagasetic Gulf</a> in the north, <a title="Malian Gulf" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malian_Gulf">Malian Gulf</a>, <a title="North Euboean Gulf" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Euboean_Gulf">North Euboean Gulf</a> in the west, the <a title="Gulf of Euboea" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Euboea">Euboic Sea</a> and the <a class="mw-redirect" title="Petalion Gulf" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petalion_Gulf">Petalion Gulf</a>. At the 2001 census the island had a population of 198,130, and a total land area of 3,684 square kilometres (1,422 sq mi).</p><h2><span id="History" class="mw-headline">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a title="Edit section: History" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Euboea&action=edit&section=3">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2><h3><span id="Antiquity" class="mw-headline">Antiquity</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a title="Edit section: Antiquity" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Euboea&action=edit&section=4">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><p><a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chalkis-Archaelogical-Museum.JPG"><img class="thumbimage" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chalkis-Archaelogical-Museum.JPG/220px-Chalkis-Archaelogical-Museum.JPG" alt="" width="220" height="165" /></a></p><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"> </div><p>Exhibits in the archaeological museum of Chalcis.</p></div></div></div><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><p><a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Euboea_drachma.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Euboea_drachma.jpg/220px-Euboea_drachma.jpg" alt="" width="220" height="106" /></a></p><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"> </div><p>Silver <a class="mw-redirect" title="Drachma" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drachma">drachma</a> of the <a title="Euboean League" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euboean_League">Euboean League</a>. Obverse: Head of the <a title="Euboea (mythology)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euboea_(mythology)">nymph Euboea</a>. Reverse: <a title="Bull" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bull">Bull</a>'s head, <a title="Kantharos" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantharos">kantharos</a> to right EY[ΒΟΙΕΩΝ] <i>"of the Euboeans"</i>.</p></div></div></div><p>The history of the island of Euboea is largely that of its two principal cities, <a title="Chalcis" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcis">Chalcis</a> and <a title="Eretria" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eretria">Eretria</a>, both mentioned in the <a title="Catalogue of Ships" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalogue_of_Ships">Catalogue of Ships</a>. Both cities were settled by <a title="Ionians" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionians">Ionian</a> Greeks from <a title="Attica" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attica">Attica</a>, and would eventually settle numerous colonies in <a title="Magna Graecia" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Graecia">Magna Graecia</a> and <a title="Sicily" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicily">Sicily</a>, such as <a title="Cumae" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumae">Cumae</a> and <a title="Reggio Calabria" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reggio_Calabria">Rhegium</a>, and on the coast of <a title="Macedonia (region)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonia_(region)">Macedonia</a>. This opened new trade routes to the <a title="Greeks" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greeks">Greeks</a>, and extended the reach of western civilization.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euboea#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> The commercial influence of these city-states is evident in the fact that the Euboic scale of weights and measures was used among the Ionic cities generally, and in <a title="Athens" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens">Athens</a> until the end of the 7th century BC, during the time of <a title="Solon" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solon">Solon</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact">[<i><a title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The classicist <a title="Barry B. Powell" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_B._Powell">Barry B. Powell</a> has proposed that Euboea may have been where the <a title="Greek alphabet" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_alphabet">Greek alphabet</a> was first employed, c. 775-750 BC, and that <a title="Homer" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homer">Homer</a> may have spent part of his life on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euboea#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup></p><p>Chalcis and Eretria were rival cities, and appear to have been equally powerful for a while. One of the earliest major military conflicts in Greek history took place between them, known as the <a title="Lelantine War" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lelantine_War">Lelantine War</a>, in which many other Greek city-states also took part.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euboea#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> Following the infamous battles of <a title="Battle of Thermopylae" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Thermopylae">Thermopylae</a> and <a title="Battle of Artemisium" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Artemisium">Artemisium</a>, <a title="Achaemenid Empire" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire">Persian</a> forces captured and sacked <a title="Athens" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens">Athens</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euboea#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> and also took Euboea, <a title="Boeotia" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeotia">Boeotia</a>, and <a title="Attica" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attica">Attica</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-L248_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euboea#cite_note-L248-8">[8]</a></sup> allowing them to overrun almost all of Greece. In 490 BC, Eretria was utterly ruined and its inhabitants were transported to <a title="Persian Empire" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_Empire">Persia</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template">[<i><a title="Wikipedia:Please clarify" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (April 2012)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Though it was restored nearby its original site after the <a title="Battle of Marathon" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Marathon">Battle of Marathon</a>, the city never regained its former eminence.</p><p>Both cities gradually lost influence to Athens, which saw Euboea as a strategic territory. Euboea was an important source of <a title="Grain" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain">grain</a> and <a title="Cattle" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattle">cattle</a>, and controlling the island meant Athens could prevent invasion and better protect its trade routes from <a title="Piracy" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piracy#Ancient_origins">piracy</a>.</p><p>Athens invaded Chalcis in 506 BC and settled 4,000 Attic Greeks on their lands. After this conflict, the whole of the island was gradually reduced to an Athenian dependency.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact">[<i><a title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Another struggle between Euboea and Athens broke out in 446. Led by <a title="Pericles" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericles">Pericles</a>, the Athenians subdued the revolt, and captured <a title="Istiaia" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istiaia">Histiaea</a> in the north of the island for their own settlement.</p><p>By 410 BC, the island succeeded in regaining its independence. Euboea participated in Greek affairs until falling under the control of <a title="Philip II of Macedon" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon">Philip II of Macedon</a> after the <a title="Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Chaeronea_(338_BC)">Battle of Chaeronea</a> in 338 BC, and eventually being incorporated into the <a title="Roman Republic" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Republic">Roman Republic</a> in the second century BC. <a title="Aristotle" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle">Aristotle</a> died on the island in 322 BC soon after fleeing Athens for his mother's family estate in Chalcis. From the early <a title="Hellenistic period" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_period">Hellenistic period</a> to well into the <a title="Roman Empire" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire">Roman Imperial period</a>, the island was organized into the <a title="Euboean League" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euboean_League">Euboean League</a>.</p><p>Based on the records of the 2nd century AD geographer <a title="Pausanias (geographer)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pausanias_(geographer)">Pausanias</a>, it is suspected that the <a title="Titan (mythology)" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_(mythology)">Titan</a> god <a title="Crius" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crius">Crius</a> is an indigenous deity.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euboea#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup></p><p>Sources wikipedia,mysteriousgreece</p><p><a href="http://www.eviafoxhouse.com/euboea-evia-the-second-largest-greek-island/">http://www.eviafoxhouse.com/euboea-evia-the-second-largest-greek-island/</a></p></div>